SQL is one of the most essential skills for every computer science student. Whether you are preparing for placements, working on projects, or becoming a backend/full-stack developer, mastering SQL helps you think logically and handle real-world data confidently. Here are the top 20 SQL queries every student must practice to build a strong foundation: 1. Create a Table CREATE TABLE Students (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), age INT); 2. Insert Data INSERT INTO Students VALUES (1, 'Arun', 20); 3. Select All Records SELECT * FROM Students; 4. Select Specific Columns SELECT name, age FROM Students; 5. WHERE Condition SELECT * FROM Students WHERE age > 18; 6. UPDATE Query UPDATE Students SET age = 21 WHERE id = 1; 7. DELETE Query DELETE FROM Students WHERE id = 1; 8. ORDER BY SELECT * FROM Students ORDER BY age DESC; 9. DISTINCT Values SELECT DISTINCT age FROM Students; 10. COUNT(), MAX(), MIN(), AVG(), SUM() SELECT COUNT(*), AVG(age) FROM Students; 11. GROUP BY S...
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Why Version Control (Git & GitHub) Is a Must for Every Student
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Imagine writing your notes and losing one important page—you’d wish you had a backup. That’s exactly why Git and GitHub exist for coding. They help students track changes , restore previous versions , and collaborate without fear of losing work . Git is like a smart notebook that remembers every version of your code. Whenever you make progress, you “commit” it—like saving a snapshot. Made a mistake? You can jump back to any earlier version safely. GitHub takes this a step further. It stores your code online so you can: Access it from anywhere Share it with others Work in teams without overwriting each other’s work Show your projects to recruiters Modern companies expect developers to know Git. Even college mini-projects become easier with GitHub—multiple students can work on different files, merge work smoothly, and submit a clean final report. For students planning careers in software, Git isn’t just useful—it’s essential. It builds confidence, improves producti...
Simple Ways to Understand Normal Forms with Daily Life Examples
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Designing a good database is just like organizing your home. If things are arranged properly, you’ll find them quickly, avoid confusion, and save space. Normal Forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF) work the same way—they help us arrange data neatly so that the database is efficient and free of unnecessary repetition. 1NF (First Normal Form) Imagine your kitchen grocery list. You wouldn’t write: Rice, Sugar, Oil & Biscuits under one item. Instead, you’d list them separately so it’s clear and easy to update. Likewise, 1NF requires every cell to hold a single, atomic value —no multiple values in a single column. 2NF (Second Normal Form) Think of a school timetable. The combination of Class + Day decides the subject. But the teacher’s name depends only on the Subject , not on both. If we repeat the teacher’s name for every day, we waste space. So in 2NF, we remove partial dependencies and separate data that depends only on a part of the key. 3NF (Third Normal Form) Consider storin...